All music, to a greater or lesser extent, is the result of the fusion
-- intersection and overlapping -- of prior influences, themes, and even
forms of instrumentation with current musical and cultural creations.
In my research on Louisiana Cajun music and the Afro-Caribbean musical
form known as zydeco, I have been impressed by the many instances
of fusion both in the music and the dance. This trend reflects at once
global diversity at work within a particular cultural idiom and the effect
of global Anglophone culture on musical practices that were once strictly
francophone. In this talk, I discuss the complex forms of mixing, blending,
and fusion in zydeco, overlapping of forms that I consider as a
kind of hybridity providing a source of renewal in this musical tradition
as well as constituting a locus of controversy about tradition and innovation.
In the presentation, after briefly introducing zydeco with an excerpt
from the king of zydeco, Clifton Chenier, I provide several excerpted
examples that show how the 1990s generation of zydeco musicians
- the so-called "nouveau zydeco" group, notably, Keith Frank, Chris
Ardoin, Sean Ardoin, Lil' Brian Terry and the Zydeco Travelers, among
many others -- has borrowed unapologetically from folk, hip-hop, rap,
reggae, do-wop, and Motown, and have deliberately incited reaction from
neo-traditionalists. Although this talk can only be a rudimentary outline,
I provide sufficient examples (as well as a selected discography as a
handout) to emphasize the crucial paradox in contemporary zydeco.
Specifically, the processes of hybridity and mixing that were the very
origin of this musical form in the early twentieth century are now contested
by some (though, only a few) as a betrayal of the "authentic" musical
tradition -- which has its origins, in fact, in such forms of mixing and
hybridity. The cultural capital accrues, therefore, only in relation to
the fan culture that accepts or rejects the new additions to the standard
zydeco repertoire. The alternate view to the emphasis on respecting
tradition and a sort of authenticity is that zydeco draws its strength
precisely from the younger musicians' ability to adapt to new influences
while retaining the fundamental energy and passion that defines Afro-Caribbean
music of southern Louisiana.