It
has often been observed that the topography of the polar reflects
the social and political concerns of its day. Since the world of the polar
is also a fundamentally urban one (Reuter 66), it is not surprising that
the banlieues occupy a prominent position in many recent works.
Although most literary and cinematic works dealing with the banlieues
are set in Paris, a significant number of works depicting the quartiers
nord of Marseilles have appeared in recent years. As Mireille Rosello
has observed, many of these works portray a multiracial, multiethnic Marseilles
whose hybrid origins are inscribed in the foundational myth of the city.
In this paper, I propose to examine the ways in which the conventions
of the polar are used to addresses issues related to the quartiers
nord in the work of Jean-Paul Delfino, Jean-Claude Izzo, Philippe Carrese,
and Daniel Saint-Hamont. After a short discussion of banlieue-related
crime as a theme in the media and in novels by authors of immigrant descent,
the first part of the paper will focus on the sympathetic portrayal of
the quartiers nord and on the presentation of those who threaten
the multicultural identity of Marseiles as the true criminals in the polars.
In particular, it will demonstrate how the depiction of a battle over
the future of the city opposing two fundamentally different visions that
of a pluralist Marseilles, in which the banlieues have an important
role to play, and that of a right-wing anti-immigrant regime serves to
encourage the reader not to look at the banlieues through the
distorted prism of cliches and media reports. The second part of the paper
will examine what appears to be an emerging shift towards a consideration
of the banlieues in a more global arena. In Chourmo, for example,
Izzo uses a subplot involving militant Islamism in order to explore the
question whether the quartiers nord could become a breeding ground
for soldiers of God, while Saint-Hamont s Le jour de l AVd, a
post-September 11 banlieue text, makes the quartiers nord
the center of an international terrorist plot.