LTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATIONSyllabus
LTERNATIVES TO INCARCERATION
| Alternatives to Incarceration | Dr. Cecil Greek |
| M/W 1-4:30 p.m. | Office Telephone: 813-893-9570 |
| Summer Session A 1996 | Office hours: |
| University of South Florida | M/W 12-1 & 5-6 |
| St. Pete Campus | Home Telephone: 813-525-1644 |
| E-Mail: cgreek@mailer.fsu.edu | Fax: 522-5022 or 893-9526 |
| Home Page: http://www.fsu.edu/~crimdo/greek.html | Listserv: CRIM-L@bayboro.stpt.usf.edu |
Umbreit, Mark. 1994. Victim Meets Offender. Monsey, NY: Willow Tree Press
McCarthy, Belinda Rodgers, and Bernard J. McCarthy. 1991. Community-Based Corrections. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Co. (2nd edition).
In this course we will examine several of the recent trends in corrections. The course will consider two major topics: the first focusing on the recent trend towards community-based corrections programs, the second on the growing concern over the need to more fully consider the victims of crime as part of the sentencing process.
We will begin by briefly analyzing the history of corrections in America and how that has led to the current prison overcrowding crisis. We will compare the first wave of community corrections in the 1960s to the new strategies developed in the 1980s and 1990s. The following types of programs will be considered in depth: probation (traditional and intensive), parole and other early release programs, diversion, drug and alcohol treatment, halfway houses, mediation, restitution, community service, house arrest, and electronic monitoring. In addition, new community-based programs for women and juveniles will be discussed. We will examine both national trends in these areas and local programs that have been established in Florida.
Several of these programs (i.e. restitution, mediation, VORPs) directly involve victims for the first time in the correctional process. In order to better understand this trend, we will trace the Anglo-American history of victims; a group that traditionally has been ignored by the criminal justice system. We will discuss the rise of the victims' rights movement in the 1970s. A number of questions about the nature of victimization will be raised, such as: Who is most frequently victimized? What role or responsibility, if any, do victims have in the crimes perpetrated against them? How can the criminal justice system better protect the rights of victims at each stage of the criminal justice process? Should victims be compensated by the state for their losses and how effective are such programs? Can sentences that result in restitution and/or mediation allow both victim and offender to "restore" their damaged relationship or is the desire for revenge too strong?
Date: |
Chapters: |
Topic: |
| May 13 | M & M, chapter 1 | Reintegration |
| Umbreit, chapter 1 | ||
| May 15 | M & M, chapter 2 Umbreit, chapter 2 |
Diversion |
| M & M, chapter 3 | Pretrial Release Programs |
|
| May 20 | M & M, chapter 4 M & M, chapter 8 |
Probation Parole |
| Umbreit, chapter 3 | ||
| May 22 | M & M, chapter 5 Umbreit, chapter 4 |
Restitution and Community Service |
| May 29 | M & M, chapter 6 Umbreit, chapter 5 |
Temporary Release Programs |
| M & M, chapter 7 | Halfway Houses |
|
| June 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| June 5 | M & M, chapter 9 | Female Offenders |
| Umbreit, chapter 6 | ||
| June 10 | M & M, chapter 10 | Juvenile Programs |
| Umbreit, chapter 7 | ||
| June 12 | M & M, chapter 11 | Drug/Alcohol Programs |
| Umbreit, chapter 8 | ||
| June 17 | M & M, chapter 12 | Volunteers |
| Umbreit, chapter 9, 10 | ||
| June 19 |
Attendance will be taken in this course. Students who miss more than three classes will receive a failing grade. Leaving early or arriving late on a regular basis will not be tolerated. There will be two examinations in this course, June 3 and June 19. Each exam will count for one half of the student's grade. Questions will be essay (60%), and identification (40%). Exams will cover both the readings and all materials discussed in the classroom session, including guest speakers and films. Exams will not be cumulative. Students will be required to give the instructor a blue book with their name on it prior to the test date. Permission to take an all essay make-up exam must be secured from the instructor prior to the exam. No exceptions to this policy will be allowed.
Extra credit will be available.
Abel, Charles F., and Frank H. Marsh. 1984. Punishment and Restitution. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Alper, Benedict and Lawrence Nichols. 1981. Beyond the Courtroom: Programs in Community Justice and Conflict Resolution. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
American Correctional Association. 1993. Community Partnerships in Action. Laurel, MD: American Correctional Association.
American Correctional Association. 1995. Standards for Electronic Monitoring Programs.
Armstrong, Troy (ed.). 1991. Intensive Interventions with High-risk Youths: Promising Approaches in Juvenile Probation and Parole. Monsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.
Ball, Richard, C. Ronald Huff, and J. Robert Lilly. 1988. House Arrest and Correctional Policy. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Bazemore, S. 1989. The Restitution Experience in Youth Employment. Washington, D.C: OJJDP.
Beck-Zierdt, Nancy et al. 1982. Repairing the Damage: A Juvenile Restitution Guide. Washington, D. C: National Institute of Justice.
Blomberg, Thomas. 1984. Juvenile Court and Community Corrections. Lanham, MD: University Presses of America.
Broad, R.A. 1990. Punishment Under Pressure: The Probation Service in the Inner City. Bristol, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Carlen, Pat. 1990. Alternatives to Women's Imprisonment. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Carpenter, Cheryl, et al. 1988. Kids, Drugs and Crime. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Christopher, James. 1988. How to Stay Sober: Recovery without Religion. NY: Prometheus Books.
Cohen, Fred and William Collins. Community Corrections Report on Law and Corrections Practices. (monthly publication).
Cohen, Stanley. 1985. Visions of Social Control. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Clear, Todd et al. 1989. Offender Assessment and Evaluation: The Presentence Investigation Report.
Cullen, Francis and Karen Gilbert. 1982. Reaffirming Rehabilitation. Cincinnati: Anderson Press.
Davies, Malcolm. 1993. Punishing Criminals: Community-Based Intermediate Sanctions. NY: Greenwood.
Denney, David. 1992. Racism and Anti-Racism in Probation. NY: Routledge.
Dobash, Russel, et al. 1986. The Imprisonment of Women. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Elias, Robert. 1986. The Politics of Victimization: Victims, Victimology, and Human Rights. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ellsworth, Thomas (ed.). 1992. Contemporary Community Corrections. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. (reader)
Ferrara, Matthew. 1991. Group Counseling with Juvenile Delinquents. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Finckenauer, James. 1982. Scared Straight! And the Panacea Phenomenon. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Finckenauer, James. 1984. Juvenile Delinquency and Corrections. Orlando: Academic Press.
Fingarette, Herbert. 1988. Heavy Drinking: The Myth of Alcoholism as a Disease. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Galaway, Burt and Joe Hudson (editors). 1990. Criminal Justice, Restitution, and Reconciliation. Monsey, NY: Willow Tree Press.
Gelber, Seymour. 1988. Hard-Core Delinquents: Reaching Out Through the Miami Experiment. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
Gill, Martin and Rob Mawby. 1990. Volunteers in the Criminal Justice System: A Comparative Study of Probation, Policy and Victim Support. Bristol, PA: Open University Press.
Goldstein, Arnold. 1988. The Prepare Curriculum. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Goldstein, Arnold et al. 1989. Reducing Delinquency: Intervention in the Community. NY: Pergamon Press.
Greenwood, Peter and Franklin Zimring. 1985. One More Chance: The Pursuit of Promising Intervention Strategies for Chronic Juvenile Offenders. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation.
Hanson, Bill, et al. 1985. Life with Heroin: Voices From the Inner City. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Harland, Alan. 1995. Choosing Correctional Options That Work. Sage.
Harrington, Christine. 1985. Shadow Justice: The Ideology and Institutionalization of Alternatives to Court. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. [Neighborhood Justice Centers]
Hoggarth, Elizabeth. 1991. Selection for Community Service Orders. Brookfield, VT: Dartmouth Publishing Company. [England]
Holmstrom, Lynda and Ann Burgess. 1993. The Victims of Rape: Institutional Reactions. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press.
Hughes, Stella and Anne Schneider. 1990. Victim-Offender Mediation in the Juvenile Justice System. Washington, D.C: OJJDP.
Inciardi, James et al. 1993. Drug Treatment and Criminal Justice. Sage.
Inciardi, James et al. 1996. Drug Control and the Courts. Sage.
Jacobs, Mark. 1990. Screwing the System and Making it Work: Juvenile Justice in the No-Fault Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Jacoby, Susan. 1983. Wild Justice: The Evolution of Revenge. New York: Harper and Row.
Karmen, Andrew. 1984. Crime Victims. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Lauen, Roger. 1990. Community-managed Corrections and Other Solutions to America's Prison Crisis. Revised.
Lurigio, Arthur et al (eds.). 1990. Victims of Crime. Beverly Hills: Sage. (includes victims' rights)
Manning, Nick. 1989. The Therapeutic Community: Charisma and Routinization. NY: Routledge.
May, Tim. 1990. Probation: Politics, Policy and Practice. Bristol, PA: Open University Press.
McCarthy, Belinda (ed.). 1987. Intermediate Punishments. New York: Willow Tree Press.
McCleary, Richard. 1978. Dangerous Men: The Sociology of Parole. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
McDonald, Douglas. 1986. Punishment Without Walls: Community Service Sentences in New York City. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Milkman, Harvey and Lloyd Sederer (editors). 1990. Treatment Choices for Alcoholism and Substance Abuse. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Moyer, Imogene (Ed.). 1985. The Changing Roles of Women in the Criminal Justice System: Offenders, Victims, and Professionals. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
Paugh, P. and L. Mixdorf. 1988. Guide to Developing Substance Abuse Treatment Programs for Adjudicated Juveniles. Laurel, MD: American Correctional Association.
Peele, Stanton. 1985. The Meaning of Addiction: Compulsive Experience and Its Interpretation. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Peele, Stanton (Ed.). 1988. Visions of Addiction: Major Contemporary Perspectives on Addiction and Alcoholism. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Peele, Stanton. 1989. The Diseasing of America: Addiction Treatment out of Control. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Pitts, John. 1988. The Politics of Juvenile Crime. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Petersilia, Joan, et al. 1985. Granting Felons Probation: Risks and Alternatives. Santa Monica, CA: The Rand Corporation.
Pointing, John (Ed.). 1986. Alternatives to Custody. New York: Basil Blackwell [i.e. Supported Work, Problem Drinkers]
Rhine, Edward et al. 1991. Paroling Authorities: Recent History and Current Practice. [parole]
Rhine, Edward (ed.). 1993. Reclaiming Offender Accountability: Intermediate Sanctions for Probation and Parole Violators.
Roberts, Albert. 1990. Helping Crime Victims. Beverly Hills: Sage. (includes victim services programs).
Salter, Anna. 1988. Treating Child Sex Offenders and Victims. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Sandu, Hargit and C. Wayne Heasley. 1981. Improving Juvenile Justice: Power Advocacy, Diversion, Decriminalization, Deinstitutionalization and Due Process. New York: Human Sciences Press.
Schloegel, Judith and Robert Kinast. 1988. From Cell to Society. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdman's Publishing. [Employment]
Schur, Edwin. 1973. Radical Nonintervention: Rethinking the Juvenile Question. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Schur, Edwin. 1984. Labeling Women Deviant. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Schwendinger, Julia and Herman Schwendinger. 1983. Rape and Inequality. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Scull, Andrew. 1984. (2nd edition). Decarceration: Community Treatment and the Deviant. Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Shireman, Charles and Frederic Reamer. 1986. Rehabilitating Juvenile Justice. New York: Columbia University Press.
Shostack, Albert. 1987. Group Homes for Teenagers. New York: Human Sciences Press.
Smarto, Donald. 1987. Justice and Mercy. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers. [includes victims' rights and mediation]
Steen, Charlene and Barbara Monnette. 1989. Treating Adolescent Sex Offenders in the Community. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Szumski, Bonnie (Ed.). 1985. (4th edition). America's Prisons: Opposing Viewpoints. St. Paul, MN: Greenhaven Press. [includes probation, victims]
Travis, Lawrence (Ed.). 1985. Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections: A Reader. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. [includes halfway house and legal liability of community corrections programs]
Van Ness, Daniel. 1986. Crime and its Victims. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press.
Vorvath, Harry and Larry Bendtro. 1985. (2nd edition). Positive Peer Culture. New York: Aldine Publishing.
Walsh, Anthony. 1988. Understanding, Assessing, and Counseling the Criminal Justice Client. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Warner, Jean and Vincent Burke. 1987. National Directory of Juvenile Restitution Programs. Washington, D.C: OJJDP.
Whitehead, John. 1989. Burnout in Probation and Corrections. New York: Praeger.
Whitehead, Philip et al. 1991. Probation, Temporary Release Schemes and Revocation. Brookfield, VT: Gower Publishing.
Wright, Martin and Burt Galaway (editors). 1989. Mediation and Criminal Justice. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
(Updated 6/94)
Problems with Prisons:
211 America's Prison Crisis
289 Florida Prisons
Alternative Sentencing:
126 Overcrowded Prisons and Alternative (Crime File)
126 Jobs and Crime (Crime File)
104 Metcalf v. Titus (public humiliation)
204 Alternative Punishments (Geraldo)
278 Handling Domestic Violence [Cops]
257 Alternate Sentencing (Geraldo)
207 Are the Wrong People in Prison?
270 Prison Furloughs and Community Alternative (Issues on Trial)
Probation/Parole:
363 Invisible Guardians (FL Crossroads)
282 Probation and Crack Addicts (48 Hours)
357 House Arrest
155 Austin Choker (parole)
22 Parole
277 Parole
295 Parole Horror Stories (Geraldo)
350 The Convict Next Door (TV13 News)
313 In the Name of Self-Esteem (Delancy Street)
294 Delancy Street (20/20)
223 Life After Death Row
323 Convicts on the Street
328 Parole Release in Florida (includes Cecil Greek)
333 Prison Releases in Florida (Larry King)
342 Back on the Street (48 Hours)
91 It Happened in Chicago
378 Electronic Monitoring
242 Track Down: Prisoners On The Street
Victims and VORPs:
308 VORG
310 Victim Power (includes murder case VORP)
320 VORP
353 Confrontation: Attempted Murder (HBO)
347 VORP Mediation: A Peacemaking Model
360 Jane Levine
126 Victims (Wilson)
183 Crime Victim (overcomes blindness) (20/20)
166 Victims Fight Back (HBO)
173 Vigilante (HBO)
256 Offenders Apologize (Oprah)
354 Victims Confront Offenders (Oprah)
149 Little Injustices
260 Pain Without End (Victims and the Courts)
286 Ft. Lauderdale Rape Case (Oprah)
263 Date Rape (Kelly McGillis)
23 Rape (20/20)
257 Rapists: Can They Be Stopped? (HBO)
362 Predators (48 Hours) (Washington)
286 Guardian Angels
379 Confronting Evil (HBO)
368 Victim's Advocates
363 Fighting Back (48 Hours)
Drug and Alcohol Treatment:
126 Drinking and Crime (Crime File)
189 Drunk and Deadly (HBO)
146 Stopping Drugs (Frontline)
215 Wilbur Wilbanks on Addiction
226 Legalization of Drugs Debate
265 Alcohol Treatment Programs (Oprah)
252 Causes of Alcoholism (Oprah)
237 Alcoholism and AA (48 Hours)
350 Oxford House
312 Deadly Mix (48 Hours)
261 America Hurts: The Drug Epidemic (PBS)
275 Cocaine Mothers (W. 57th)
263 How to Raise a Drug-Free Child (HBO)
258 Skid Road
340 Over the Influence (Tom Selleck)
Juvenile Programs:
130 On the Street (LAPD Juvenile Division)
189 Juvenile Offenders (Crime File)
137 Runaway Teen Prostitution (Diversion)
278 Handling Domestic Violence (Cops)
216 LA Gangs (48 Hours)
224 Kids in Psychiatric Wards
245 K.I.D.S. of Bergen County
225 Juvenile Corrections Today
287 Shock Treatment (The Reporters)
286 Willie Bosket
286 Jason's Story (15 year old runaway)
239 Teen Sex Offenders [Oprah]
344 Caleb White
280 Bad Girls
147 Stopping Drugs, Part 2: Educating Youth
150 Kids and Crime [WTBS]
259 See Dick and Jane Lie, Cheat, and Steal
302 Daytop Village
287 The Hyde Solution
306 Teens in Trouble [48 Hours]
224 Child Psychiatric Wards [HBO]
346 Dr. Forman
161 Scared Straight: Ten Years Later
190 VisionQuest
279 Cry Wilderness
327 Challenger Foundation
348 Wilderness Programs [Geraldo]
378 Manatee Boot Camp
| (Note: all will be on first exam) victim-offender mediation programs |
 |
Extra credit assignments will consist of article reviews. The articles must appear in scholarly journals , be at least 10 pages in length, and relate to a topic covered in this course. Evaluation and review articles of specific community corrections programs are preferred. The instructor will give final approval on all articles. Criminal Justice Abstracts, Psychological Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, and ERIC, are all good databases to search for scholarly articles. You may also find materials on the Internet. Using Netscape, go to the
Metacrawler Search EngineEach report handed in to the instructor is worth a possible 5 points if done completely. Partial credit will be awarded. You may turn in a maximum of 3 reports. The last day reports can be handed in is Monday, June 17th.
After thoroughly reading the article, your report must consist of the following:
1. Full bibliographic situation including: author(s), year of publication, title of article, title of journal, volume, issue, and page numbers.
2. What was the major theme of the article?
3. The sample. Who was studied? How were they chosen? How would the study be different if another sample (you choose one) was used?
4. Major findings. Discuss the major points made by the authors.
5. Examples of bias. Are there any indications of bias in the study? Are the researchers beliefs self evident in the study? What would you do to make the study less biased?
6. Significance of the study. How important is this study in light in what your textbooks have to say on this subject? How do the author's findings agree or disagree with the text(s)?
Chapter 1
1. How do restorative and retributive justice differ?
2. How did Anglo-American culture end up with a retributive model of justice?
3. Which specific points of the "new paradigm" do you think the public would have the toughest time accepting? Why?
4. Is public support for victim-offender mediation appear to be a reality?
Chapter 2
1. What were the findings in the evaluation of the Brooklyn dispute resolution program?
2. Why is restitution an important but secondary concern in a VORP? Were evaulation studies of VORPs positive or negative?
3. Which aspects of "fairness" do victims rank highest? Which lowest?
Chapter 3
1. Why was a true experimental design rejected? What was used instead?
2. Discuss each of the groups used to compare findings?
3. What types of questions were to be answered about the restorative justice projects?
Chapter 4
1. Discuss the pros and cons of using VORPs as diversion compared to their use as post-adjudication encounters.
2. Discuss the stages/meetings typical of VORPs.
3. Were the expectations of what would result from VORP participation similar for victims and offenders? Why did those who chose not to participate make that decision?
Chapter 5
1. Why did the percentages of people who agreed to mediation decline? If they agreed were victims likely to reach agreements with offenders?
2. While restitution was a major factor prompting victims to participate, what were the actual outcomes in terms of negotiated offender accountability.
3. Discuss changes in victim and offender attitudes toward mediation found in the pre- and post-test interviews. Chapter 6
1. Compare comments made by those who were satisfied with mediation with the responses of those who were dissatisfied.
2. When researchers asked questions about “fairness” what types of responses did they receive?
Chapter 7
1. How was qualitative data employed in this study?
2. Compare the positive themes expressed by both victims and offenders.
3. Compare the negative themes expressed by both victims and offenders.
Chapter 8
1. Why do you think that mediated restitution agreements were much more likely to be completed?
2. What impact did mediation have on recidivism? Why were these findings insignificant?
Chapter 9
1. What patterns seem to appear in the five mediation transcripts?
2. If you were a mediator how would you avoid the major pitfalls mentioned in the text?
Chapter 10
1. You have been asked to start a local mediation program. Detail how you would carry out this initiative.
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