By Ron Matus
Special to the Florida State Times
Mmmm-mmmm Enjoy that stuffed grouper while you can. If two FSU researchers
are right, black grouper - a Big Bend seafood staple - won't be on restaurant
menus much longer.
"We're predicting a collapse," said FSU adjunct Professor Chris
Koenig. He and Felicia Coleman, an assistant biology professor, have studied
the population of gag grouper (better known in restaurants, for obvious
reasons, as "black" grouper) for seven years.
Their research brings bad news to fish lovers, fishermen and the coastal
towns whose economies depend on them. Overfishing and the reluctance of
state and federal authorities to manage groupers will bring a fisheries
"crash," the researchers said.
From FSU's Marine Lab south of Tallahassee, Koenig and Coleman have counted
gag grouper from Sanibel to Panama City.
Fishermen have noted dwindling numbers for years. But more alarming, the
two warn, is how overfishing has altered the male-to-female ratio. Fishermen
are more likely to catch males because they hang out above the reefs, pursue
bait more aggressively and - because they're bigger - tend to be "keepers."
As a result, Koenig and Coleman estimate, there are 99 females for each
male. Not good.
"They don't have an infinite capacity to fertilize eggs," Coleman
said."There isn't enough to go around."
The two say they've warned authorities about the grouper's plight, but to
no avail. For one thing, they say, most population projections are based
on current yields and don't consider male-female ratios. So they're not
showing a problem.
Koenig and Coleman said fisheries and habitat management are needed - now.
Seagrass beds in shallow coastal areas, where juvenile groupers occur, need
protection from pollution and development.
It's even more important, they said, to limit the catch around the reefs
50-70 miles offshore where groupers spawn.
"You don't sustain anything by allowing the intensity of fishing we
have," Coleman said. "Go up to New England and look around. The
cod fisheries have collapsed. It's all short-term gain."